Kevin Hillstrom: MineThatData

Exploring How Customers Interact With Advertising, Products, Brands, and Channels, using Multichannel Forensics.

April 19, 2007

The Marketing Digital Divide And The Catalog Industry

In the first quarter of 2007, sales of music compact disks declined by twenty percent verses last year, as consumers continue to abandon album-based compact disks in favor of ala-carte purchases/sharing of digital music files.

The music industry strongly believes that free file sharing is responsible for the decline in CD sales. The labels are flexing their muscles where they can, to maintain their system of monetizing music even if it means heavily penalizing a new channel where music fans are enjoying music.

The crash of television and radio, the ascension of the internet, and the convenience of the iPod changed the music industry forever. Multichannel Forensics suggest that consumers "transfered" their behavior from CDs to MP3s during the late 1990s through the past few years.

Once consumers landed in a new world of music, they stayed there. In Multichannel Forensics, we call this "isolation". No matter how hard the music industry tries to bring consumers back to the old method of monetized music, the effort is futile. Consumers have moved on.

As consumers, we have a unique, God-given ability to identify trends in the marketplace. We can literally see the future, and react accordingly.

As business leaders, we have a unique, God-given ability to identify trends in the marketplace. We can literally see the future. However, we don't react accordingly. Instead, we dig in our heels, and demand that consumers and business partners come back to our way of thinking.

My beloved catalog industry falls into this category. Our customers can see the future, and are anywhere between 20% and 80% of the way toward evolving their behavior. At this time, customers are generally in "equilibrium" --- the state where they go back and forth between channels. They use catalogs and purchase over the telephone. They use catalogs and purchase on our websites. They ignore our marketing activities, use Google, and purchase on our sites. The combine our marketing activities with Google, and purchase on our sites.

Google recognizes this, and gobbles up properties that allow them to have an end-to-end marketing relationship with our future customers. Their version of an end-to-end marketing relationship does not include paper.

Over the next five years, our catalog customers will leave "equilibrium" mode, shifting to "transfer" mode. They will define a new way of interacting with brands, a new way of shopping. When that happens, what will become of what has been known for more than a hundred years as "the catalog industry"?

We can dig our heels in, and continue lauding the importance of sending paper to our customers as a way of generating sales. In this process, we must fight postal reform.

We can also give up. We can sell our businesses, getting out before big changes happen.

Or we can build a five-year plan for the future of our industry. We can be like a pilot, who takes an airplane down from 30,000 feet to a gentle landing. We can work with our customers as we reduce our dependence upon catalogs, building an infrastructure that allows customers to pull information from us.

We must thoroughly evaluate how Zappos, Endless, Piperlime, Blue Nile, and Amazon drive sales without paper. We need to emulate what they do well. We need to use our experience to capitalize on what they don't do well. We must chart a path to the future.

Folks in the music industry are actively talking about a path to the future. It's our turn to do the same. It will require a leap of faith, right over that pesky Marketing Digital Divide.

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March 09, 2007

Victoria's Secret --- Free Shipping And Free Returns On Pants

Varien.com talks about Victoria's Secret, and their free shipping and free returns promotion on pants. Kudos to Victoria's Secret for trying an interesting promotion that can benefit customers. It takes courage to incur an average expense of around $10 per order, without $13.95 from the customer to offset the expected expense.

Many multichannel retailers make money on shipping and handling. Zappos, Endless.com and Piperlime are essentially applying enormous price pressure on all multichannel businesses.

This long-term pricing pressure will cause multichannel retailers to reduce expenses elsewhere.

The very same vendor community that is unified in its fight against the USPS will fall victim to the eventual cost-cutting that free-shipping/free-returns is guaranteed to bring to multichannel retailing.

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February 02, 2007

J.C. Penney CEO, Web 2.0, And Multichannel Forensics

DMNews reports that "multichannel" is the key theme at Shop.org's FirstLook show.

Of interest is the comment from J.C. Penney Chairman/CEO Mike Ullman, who says of direct marketing, "We see the three channels getting more and more blurred. The big book is becoming less important, because the big book is online."

Small businesses and growing businesses need catalogs, because the print version of advertising is still the most cost-effective way to grow a direct-to-consumer business.

However, large businesses like J.C. Penney are going through two dramatic transformations that we all need to keep an eye on.

The first transformation is the death of the telephone/paper relationship, being replaced by e-commerce. This has been happening in earnest since about 1999. J.C. Penney's direct business transitioned this year to more than fifty percent online. Once the online channel is more than fifty percent of the direct business, CFO's become very curious about all those dollars being spent on paper.

The first transformation (telephone/paper to e-commerce) impacted catalogers the most.

The second transformation is just beginning to happen, and may change our businesses far more than e-commerce. The second transformation is the shift in the online channel from e-commerce to experience.

The second transformation (e-commerce to experience) will impact retailers and online pureplays the most. Just because we can purchase merchandise online doesn't mean we want to purchase merchandise online. Retailers who can, in some way, re-create the in-store experience, or significantly complement the in-store experience in a virtual world, will have a huge advantage over online pureplays and online/catalog businesses, who do not have an experience-based channel to please customers with.

The recent bare-knuckled, bloody fist fight between Endless.com and Zappos.com illustrates the desperation online pureplays are feeling. As the second transformation (e-commerce to experience) integrates with the retail experience, businesses like Zappos compete the only logical way they can --- by offering free shipping. Endless trumps Zappos by offering free next-day shipping. Zappos matches Endless, then, Endless trumps Zappos by offering free next-day shipping along with a five dollar rebate.

Websites were constructed to be static, read-only experiences. We built a ton of infrastructure to make e-commerce possible. Over the next decade, this read-only experience will likely be replaced by an experience-based channel. Web 2.0, blogs, wikis, YouTube et.al are the embryonic representation of this transformation.

This is really going to be fun to watch!

This transformation really requires the implementation of multichannel forensics. All businesses with a website must have intimate knowledge of how their customers interact with products, brands and channels.

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January 09, 2007

Endless: A Shoe And Handbag Business Courtesy Of Amazon.com

Amazon recently unvieled a new e-commerce business called Endless. Featuring fashionable handbags and shoes, Endless uses a new hook to compete against multichannel retailers like Macy's and online pureplays like Zappos. The hook: Free Next Day Shipping!! Order an item at 1:00pm on a Tuesday afternoon, and you'll have it on Wednesday.

In case you haven't walked into your local UPS store, attempting to ship a product cross-country via next day air, the proposition is not inexpensive. How can this business compete? The following numbers are for illustrative purposes only --- the numbers are not intended to reflect absolute reality at any of the retailers in the example. However, the numbers should be adequate for a directional argument.

Let's assume you are an aspiring woman hoping to purchase the Jessica Simpson Dawson Satchel via an online business. You narrow your choices down to Endless, Zappos and Macy's.

Assuming you live in a state that has a six percent sales tax, the total price for the same item, including tax and shipping, is $248 at Endless, $251.95 at Zappos, and a whopping $281.91 at Macy's. The item will arrive tomorrow from Endless, in three to five days from Zappos, and in five to eleven days from Macy's.

Given these choices, the logical choice is for the customer to purchase the item at Endless.

Can Endless make money doing this? It is possible. At the end of this post, I include a sample profit and loss statement for each company.

The punchline is this: In order for each company to generate the same level of profit from this item, Endless needs to sell 1,000 units, Zappos needs to sell 741 units, and Macy's needs to sell 491 units. If Amazon has efficiencies that make their expense structure cheaper than Zappos or Macy's, the number of units decrease.

Amazon is betting that the Endless business model will cause customers to be 30% more productive than Zappos, and 100% more productive than Macy's, using these assumptions. This gets Endless to a break-even scenario, most likely, on a fixed-cost basis, and generates the same number of dollars of variable profit as Zappos and Macy's.

What do you think? Do you think customers will flock to Endless to take advantage of free next day shipping? Who will be hurt more by this strategy, Zappos, who is directly competing on total price, or Macy's, who has a retail channel that essentially provide "free shipping same day"??


Sample Profit And Loss Statement

Jessica Simpson Dawson Satchel Price Elasticity And Profitability





Endless.com Zappos.com Macys.com




Item Price $248.00 $251.95 $248.00
Shipping/Handling $0.00 $0.00 $17.95
Salex Tax (6%) $0.00 $0.00 $15.96
Total Cost $248.00 $251.95 $281.91
Delivery Time 1 Day 3 - 5 Days 5 - 11 Days




Estimated Units 1,000 741 491




Demand $248,000 $186,695 $121,768
Net Fulfilled (90% of Demand) $223,200 $168,025 $109,591
Less Returns (30% of Demand) ($66,960) ($50,408) ($32,877)




Net Sales $156,240 $117,618 $76,714
Gross Margin (50% of NS) $78,120 $58,809 $38,357
Less Marketing ($18,000) ($18,000) ($18,000)
Less Picking & Packing (20% of NS) ($31,248) ($23,524) ($15,343)
Shipping Expense/Item $17.50 $8.00 $5.00
Less Shipping Expense ($17,500) ($5,928) ($2,455)
Plus Shipping Income $0 $0 $8,813




Variable Operating Profit $11,372 $11,357 $11,373




Profit as a % of Net Sales 7.3% 9.7% 14.8%
Profit per Item Sold $11.37 $15.33 $23.16
Ad to Sales Ratio 11.5% 15.3% 23.5%

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