Cost Per New Customer

Cost Per New Customer is one of the easiest metrics to measure, hence, it is beloved by many marketers.

The marketer spends $1,000, yielding 25 new customers. Cost Per New Customer is measured as ($1,000 / 25) = $40.00.

The marketer compares CPNC across all marketing activities, seeking to maximize activities with a low CPNC.

A metric that yields a better result is Profit Per New Customer, or PPNC. In order to calculate PPNC, we need two additional metrics.

1. Average Order Value --- the average amount that a new customer spend when placing a first order.
2. Profit Factor --- visit your finance department, and find out how much demand (independent of ad cost) flows through to profit.

Here's an example.

• Marketer spends $1,000 on a marketing program.
• 25 new customers are acquired.
• The average order value is $150.
• 40% of demand flows-through to profit.
• PPNC = ((25 * $150) * 0.40 - $1,000) / 25.
• PPNC = ($3,750 * 0.40 - $1,000) / 25.
• PPNC = ($1,500 - $1,000) / 25.
• PPNC = $500 / 25.
• PPNC = $20.00.

In this example, the marketer generated $20.00 profit for every new customer acquired by the marketing program. This is good performance! Take this information to your finance department, and ask for more money!

In most cases, marketing for new customers results in a loss. Let's assume that instead of 40% of demand flowing-through to profit, only 20% of demand flows-through to profit. Now see what happens to the calculation:

• Marketer spends $1,000 on a marketing program.
• 25 new customers are acquired.
• The average order value is $150.
• 20% of demand flows-through to profit.
• PPNC = ((25 * $150) * 0.20 - $1,000) / 25.
• PPNC = ($3,750 * 0.20 - $1,000) / 25.
• PPNC = ($750 - $1,000) / 25.
• PPNC = -$250 / 25.
• PPNC = -$10.00.

In this case, the marketer lost $10.00 profit acquiring each new customer. This may be ok, however. Calculate how much profit customers generate over the next twelve months (or longer, depending upon your payback window).

If the customer generates $20.00 of profit in the next twelve months, then things are fine, because we are willing to lose $10.00 of profit now in order to gain $20.00 profit in the future.

We also look at the sensitivity of profit per new customer. If we believe that the economy will be 20% worse next year, we can run our analysis assuming decreased productivity.

• Marketer spends $1,000 on a marketing program.
• 20 new customers are acquired (25 * 0.80 due to the economy).
  
• The average order value is $150.
• 20% of demand flows-through to profit.
• PPNC = ((20 * $150) * 0.20 - $1,000) / 20.
• PPNC = ($3,000 * 0.20 - $1,000) / 20.
• PPNC = ($600 - $1,000) / 20.
• PPNC = -$400 / 20.
• PPNC = -$20.00.

If the economy is twenty percent worse next year, our PPNC drops from -$10.00 to -$20.00. We would calculate the long-term value for this customer segment, assuming a 20% drop in the economy, and if we generated at least $16.00 of profit, we could continue to execute this marketing program. (NOTE: Math correction from earlier post, thanks to Harry Joiner!)

As you can see, Cost Per New Customer (CPNC) is a good thing. Profit Per New Customer (PPNC) is even better!

UPDATE 12/7/2008: A new post contains a link to a spreadsheet that allows you to calculate these metrics for your marketing activities.

Profit Per New Customer (PPNC)

One of the least utilized metrics in the online, e-mail and catalog world is "profit per new customer", or "PPNC".

We start with a paid search marketing program. The marketer spends $10,000 and observes these results.

Profit And Loss Statement
Clicks	20,000
Conversion Rate	1.00%
Customers	200
Average Spend	$125.00
Demand	$25,000
Net Sales (80%)	$20,000
Gross Margin (55%)	$11,000
Less Marketing Cost	$10,000
Less Pick/Pack/Ship (12%)	$2,400
Variable Profit	($1,400)
Cost Per Click	$0.50
Cost Per New Customer	$50.00
Profit Per New Customer	($7.00)

There are two metrics that we commonly look at ... cost per click ($0.50), and CPA, or Cost per New Customer ($50.00).

In this case, the marketer is spending $50.00 to acquire a new customer.

The metric that really matters is profit per new customer (PPNC).

In this example, the brand loses $7.00 profit for every new customer.

Next, the brand compares this metric with the long-term value of the customer. For instance, this segment of customers might generate $15.00 profit in the next twelve months.

In total, the marketing activity is responsible for (-$7.00 + $15.00) = $8.00 profit, over a twelve month period of time.

Where possible, we want to evaluate profit per new customer (PPNC), instead of easier-to-compute metrics like cost per click or cost per new customer.